Canada

Canada is a country in North America. Consisting of ten provinces and three territories, the country covers an area of ​​9.98 million km² from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and to the Arctic Ocean in the north. With this feature, it is the second largest country in the world after Russia in terms of surface area. Canada is the country with the most lakes within its borders, with over one million lakes. Canada's border with the United States to the south and west is the longest land border in the world at 8,891 km. Canada also has the longest coastline in the world at over 200,000 km. Canada's lands are mostly dominated by forests, as well as the tundra in the Rocky Mountains. Four-fifths of the population lives near its southern border. Canada's capital is Ottawa; its three largest cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

Canada has been an area where Aboriginals have lived for thousands of years. Starting in the 16th century, the first colonies were established on the Atlantic coast by British and French expeditions. After many wars, France abandoned almost all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, three colonies of British North America were united to form a confederation. Thus, Canada was established as a federal dominion consisting of four provinces. This event began the process of Canada becoming autonomous from the United Kingdom, with the expansion of the dominion territory and the addition of new provinces and territories. The autonomy, which was expanded with the Statute of Westminster in 1931, was consolidated with the Canada Act of 1982, which ended legal dependence on the British Parliament.

Canada is a parliamentary democracy governed by a constitutional monarchy and based on the Westminster model. The head of government is the prime minister, who is appointed by the governor general and holds office as long as he maintains the confidence of the House of Commons. The head of state is the governor general, who represents the monarchy. Canada is a Commonwealth realm and has two official languages, English and French, at the federal level. The country is among the world's leading countries in transparency, individual and economic freedoms, quality of life, and education. Due to the large-scale immigration to the country, it is one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse countries in the world. Canada's deep-rooted relationship with the United States has a profound effect on the country's economy and culture.